P A R 2 8 - 3 0
O P E R A T I O N O F H Y D R A U L I C S Y S T E M S
C H A P 2, S E C I V
i
2 8 . P R E L I M I N A R Y I N S T R U C T I O NS
a . H y d r a u l i c S c h e m a t i cs
( f i g s . 6 t h r o u g h 1 9 , a n d f i g . 3 7 2-
f o l d - o u t 1)
( 1 ) T h e h y d r a u l i c s y s t e m , b e c a u s e of
its importance to the operation of the power
train, should be carefully studied and under-
s t o o d . T h e r e a r e 1 4 p a r t i a l h y d r a u l i c s c h e-
matics in color (figs. 6 through 19) and a fold-
out hydraulic schematic (fig. 372). The color-
e d s c h e m a t i c s s h o w p o s i t i o n s o f v a l v e s a nd
moving components, and the various hydraulic
c i r c u i t s a s i n d i c a t e d b y t h e c a p t i o n s .
T he
fold-out schematic, in black and white, shows
the entire hydraulic system.
( 2 ) H y d r a u l i c s c h e m a t i c v i e w s ( f i g s . 6
through 18) parallel the torque path schematic
views (figs. 22 through 34) in Section III of
t h i s c h a p t e r . T h e h y d r a u l i c s c h e m a t i c v i e ws
i l l u s t r a t e w h a t h a p p e n s h y d r a u l i c a l l y , w h i le
the torque path schematic views illustrate what
happens mechanically.
b . E x p l a n a t i o n s o f H y d r a u l i c S y s t em
( 1 ) I n t h e s c h e m a t i c v i e w s , a p a r t i c u -
lar color or color variation in figs. 6 through
18, is continued in the system until it passes
through a regulator or an orifice which changes
the pressure of the oil.
(2) To avoid needless repetition, refer-
e n c e s a r e m a d e t o i n i t i a l e x p l a n a t i o n s . To
link the hydraulic action with the correspond-
i n g m e c h a n i c a l a c t i o n , r e f e r e n c e s a r e m a de
to the paragraphs explaining the mechanical
a c t i o n s .
2 9 . G E N E R A L I N F O R M A T I O N
a . T o r q u e C o n v e r t e r a n d L o c k u p D r i v e .
R e g a r d l e s s o f g e a r o r s t e e r c o n d i t i o n , d r i ve
from the vehicle engine to the range gearing
is either hydraulic (torque converter) or me-
chanical (lockup clutch engaged).
b . T r a n s m i s s i o n O i l L e v e l s
(1) The hydraulic system is designed so
that after the vehicle engine has been operat-
ing a short time, two distinct oil levels are
established in the transmission. The oil level
in the transmission rear housing is compara-
tively low (fig. 19). The other is in the trans-
mission sump, which surrounds (but is sepa-
rated from) the range gear section in the main
transmission housing. The two levels guaran-
tee a sufficient oil reserve, while maintaining
t h e m o s t e f f i c i e n t o i l l e v e l i n t h e o p e r a t i ng
sections of the transmission.
( 2 ) T w o o i l l e v e l s e x i s t b e c a u s e a i r
p u m p e d b y t h e s c a v e n g e p u m p i s d i s c h a r g ed
i n t o t h e t r a n s m i s s i o n r e a r h o u s i n g . T h i s
creates a constant air pressure on the oil in
this housing. The air pressure forces the oil
level down, pushing the oil into the reservoir,
u n t i l a i r c a n e s c a p e i n t o t h e r e s e r v o i r . T he
upper areas of the input transfer housing and
the main transmission housing are connected.
A breather, located near the top of the input
transfer housing, allows atmospheric pressure
to be present in these housings.
3 0 . H Y D R A U L I C S Y S T E M F U N C T I O N
N E U T R A L R A N G E ( f i g . 6)
N o t e . R e f e r t o p a r . 4 6 a n d f i g . 22
for the torque path through the power
t r a i n.
a . I n n e u t r a l r a n g e , m a i n p r e s s u r e is
supplied only by the input pressure pump (pump
not shown in fig. 6; see fig. 372, fold-out 1).
This oil is directed to four points at all times.
These points are: the main-pressure regulator
valve, the lockup cutoff valve, the throttle and
throttle regulator valves, and the steer pres-
sure regulator valve. This part of the hydrau-
lic circuit always is charged when the power
train is operating.
b . At the main-pressure regulator valve,
oil enters the valve bore at two points. The
upper connection directs the oil between two
o f t h e v a l v e l a n d s . I t s u r r o u n d s t h e v a l ve
stem and flows into holes drilled in the stem,
w h i c h c a r r y t h e o i l t h r o u g h a s p r i n g - l o a d e d
ball check valve to the cavity above the large
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